• br Introduction Myotonic dystrophy dystrophia myotonica DM i

  2019-09-05

  

  Introduction Myotonic dystrophy (dystrophia myotonica, DM) is an autosomal dominant disorder and the most common form of inherited muscular dystrophy in adults [1]. DM is characterised by a wide range of symptoms, including myotonia, progressive muscle loss, cataracts, cardiac conduction defects,

• Two photon microscopy experiments demonstrated that most con

  2019-09-05

  

  Two-photon microscopy experiments demonstrated that most contacts between GC B and Tfh cells are of short duration (about 2 min), and only about 4% of these contacts lead to the formation of stable conjugates (5 to 60 min) (Allen et al., 2007). Similarly, during extrinsic peptide stimulation, some r

• One of the isolated interactors

  2019-09-05

  

  One of the isolated interactors against Mulan259–352–Ube2E3 fusion bait was found to be the GABARAP protein, a known member of the Atg8 family that includes LC3 [20]. The Atg8 family-of-proteins are major players in autophagy/mitophagy since they are part of the autophagosome [20], [21], [22]. Our s

• Protein degradation via UPP involves

  2019-09-05

  

  Protein degradation via UPP involves two steps. One step is the conjugation of multiple ubiquitin to a substrate. The other step is the degradation of tagged protein by the downstream 26S proteasome complex. Protein ubiquitination is the E1–E2–E3 enzymatic cascade (Hershko & Ciechanover, 1998). E1-a

• EphB appears to be a low

  2019-09-05

  

  EphB4 appears to be a low-affinity receptor for rhEpo based on the biochemical data. The concentration of rhEpo used for the biological experiments (50 IU/ml) corresponds to 10–15 nM, which is 1% to 2% of the KD value (KD = 881 nM) for the binding of rhEpo to EphB4, as measured in the MST assay. The

• The glycolytic pathway is a

  2019-09-05

  

  The glycolytic pathway is a catabolic route that ends with the synthesis of pyruvate (Pyr). In Arabidopsis embryos, the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to Pyr, catalyzed by pyruvate kinase (PK), is mainly located in the plastids [10], [11]. The preceding reaction is catalyzed by enolase (ENO

• Related with the studies by

  2019-09-04

  

  Related with the studies by Zizza et al. described above [66], work by Ward et al. [68] suggested that the C2 domain of cPLA2α, which binds to zwitterionic membranes with high affinity in a Ca2+-dependent manner, has a high membrane remodeling activity, producing dramatic changes in membrane curvatu

• zilpaterol mass br Conflicts of interest br Acknowledgements

  2019-09-04

  

  Conflicts of interest Acknowledgements This study was funded by Kuwait University Research Administration (Project MI03/10). Introduction Epidemiological, experimental and biologic plausibility support a cardioprotective effect of estrogens in women [1]. Indeed, women are protected until t

• Introduction Pain is frequently the first clinical symptom o

  2019-09-04

  

  Introduction Pain is frequently the first clinical symptom of head and neck carcinoma. Indeed, pain is the initial reason leading ∼70% of cancer patients to seek professional assistance (Lam & Schmidt, 2011; Rettig & D’Souza, 2015; Schmidt, 2014). Clinically, cancer-induced facial pain can be evoke

• While a number of studies have helped elucidate the

  2019-09-04

  

  While a number of studies have helped elucidate the principles of target amino group specificity, UBL selectivity, and Ub plx4720 specificity [3], [4], [9], [10], [14], [19], [20], [23], [24], [33], [34], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], the role of the canonical E2-RING interface in governing substra

• The ubiquitin proteasome system Ub P is the

  2019-09-04

  

  The ubiquitin–proteasome system (Ub–P) is the main cellular machinery for protein turnover in eukaryotic cells (Glickman and Ciechanover, 2002). Degradation by Ub–P involves two steps. Target proteins are selectively, specifically, and covalently attached to ubiquitin (Ub) chains, followed by Ub-tag

• CellProfiler and OpenComet are two open source software

  2019-09-04

  

  CellProfiler and OpenComet are two open source software available in internet to analyse silver stained comet assay images. With CellProfiler [19], Gonzalez et al. [18] modified the pipeline provided in the website by adding a background subtraction module and two filtering modules to quantify DNA d

• br Introduction Vitis vinifera L

  2019-09-04

  

  Introduction Vitis vinifera L. is one of the most worldwide-grown fruit crop and is mostly used in the wine industry (Bouquet, 2011). Domestication and history changed dramatically the biology of this species and today there are thousands of V. vinifera varieties, being many of them closely relat

• br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments br Introductio

  2019-09-04

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments Introduction Incessant consumption of fossil fuels brings on global energy crisis and serious environmental concerns. Hence, the researchers have paid considerable attention to alternative renewable bioenergy. Microalgae has been considered as potenti

• br Authors contributions br Acknowledgements br Introduction

  2019-09-04

  

  Authors’ contributions Acknowledgements Introduction Retinoic adenosine deaminase is a key signalling molecule in healthy development and in differentiation of stem cells, albeit uncontrolled levels of retinoic acid can lead to mutagenesis [1]. In eukaryotes retinoic acid is made by oxidat

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